{"id":5755,"date":"2025-11-09T15:43:14","date_gmt":"2025-11-09T18:43:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jornalfax.net\/?p=5755"},"modified":"2025-11-09T15:43:15","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T18:43:15","slug":"relatorio-da-democracia-2025-alerta-para-retrocessos-nalguns-paises-lusofonos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jornalfax.net\/index.php\/2025\/11\/09\/relatorio-da-democracia-2025-alerta-para-retrocessos-nalguns-paises-lusofonos\/","title":{"rendered":"RELAT\u00d3RIO DA DEMOCRACIA 2025 ALERTA PARA RETROCESSOS NALGUNS PA\u00cdSES LUS\u00d3FONOS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>O Relat\u00f3rio da Democracia 2025, da responsabilidade do ISCTE, alerta para retrocessos na qualidade das democracias em alguns pa\u00edses lus\u00f3fonos, distinguindo cinco Estados com regimes democr\u00e1ticos est\u00e1veis de tr\u00eas, Angola, Guin\u00e9-Bissau e Mo\u00e7ambique, marcados por fragilidades institucionais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A segunda edi\u00e7\u00e3o do relat\u00f3rio Variedades de Democracia (V-Dem) em l\u00edngua portuguesa dedica, pela primeira vez, uma sec\u00e7\u00e3o aos pa\u00edses lus\u00f3fonos e coloca o Brasil, Cabo Verde, S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe e Timor-Leste, al\u00e9m de Portugal, no lugar de regimes com institui\u00e7\u00f5es pol\u00edticas democr\u00e1ticas, \u201conde s\u00e3o reconhecidas elei\u00e7\u00f5es livres e justas, pluralismo pol\u00edtico, amplas liberdades c\u00edvicas e o controlo parlamentar e judicial do poder executivo\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Estes estados distinguem-se, segundo o relat\u00f3rio do Centro de Estudos Internacionais do ISCTE \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, de Angola, Guin\u00e9-Bissau e Mo\u00e7ambique, onde os regimes s\u00e3o autocr\u00e1ticos e h\u00e1 institui\u00e7\u00f5es \u201cmuito d\u00e9beis e frequentemente violadas\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O estudo, que analisa a qualidade democr\u00e1tica em diversas regi\u00f5es do globo, revela avan\u00e7os e retrocessos no espa\u00e7o da lusofonia, mesmo se \u201cnas \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, todos os pa\u00edses lus\u00f3fonos de alguma forma evolu\u00edram no sentido da democratiza\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, segundo o professor do departamento de Ci\u00eancia Pol\u00edtica e Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas do ISCTE, Tiago Fernandes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esta evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, refere o professor, citado no relat\u00f3rio, deve-se \u201cao desaparecimento dos antigos regimes de autoritarismo corporativo, militar ou de domina\u00e7\u00e3o racial e colonial\u201d e \u00e0 \u201cconsagra\u00e7\u00e3o da independ\u00eancia nacional e da soberania popular\u201d, mas desde meados da d\u00e9cada de 2010 regista-se um decl\u00ednio em algumas democracias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em Angola, a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o identifica um \u201cregime autocr\u00e1tico, monopolizado pelo mesmo partido\u201d, o Movimento Popular de Liberta\u00e7\u00e3o de Angola (MPLA), desde a sua independ\u00eancia em 11 de novembro de 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O Insituto V-Dem classifica o pa\u00eds como uma autocracia eleitoral desde o fim da guerra civil, em 2002, devido ao controlo do \u201cjogo eleitoral\u201d e \u00e0s restri\u00e7\u00f5es impostas \u00e0 sociedade civil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apesar de esfor\u00e7os de liberaliza\u00e7\u00e3o desde 2017, com um maior pluralismo pol\u00edtico e abertura medi\u00e1tica, o relat\u00f3rio aponta que o governo angolano continua a dominar as institui\u00e7\u00f5es eleitorais e os mecanismos de fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Guin\u00e9-Bissau tamb\u00e9m uma autocracia, ao contr\u00e1rio de Angola \u00e9 caracterizada por uma \u201cinstabilidade pol\u00edtica permanente, onde os golpes de Estado e os confrontos armados entre as diversas fa\u00e7\u00f5es pol\u00edticas se tornaram a forma predominante de chegar ao poder\u201d, diz a investigadora Ana L\u00facia S\u00e1, citada no relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em Mo\u00e7ambique a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o destaca o agravamento das desigualdades econ\u00f3micas, sociais e territoriais, mas alerta que as elei\u00e7\u00f5es de 2024 \u201cforam significativamente menos livres e justas do que h\u00e1 uma d\u00e9cada\u201d, revelando uma tend\u00eancia de retrocesso democr\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por contraste, Cabo Verde e S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe surgem como exemplos de democracias est\u00e1veis nos Pa\u00edses Africanos de L\u00edngua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A investigadora do Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa Edalina Rodrigues Sanches, sublinha que Cabo Verde \u201c\u00e9 uma das mais est\u00e1veis democracias africanas (\u2026), com 34 anos de elei\u00e7\u00f5es livres e justas, pautadas por altern\u00e2ncia regular e pac\u00edfica no governo\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Os dados do estudo, contudo, recomendam que o pa\u00eds melhore os \u201cmecanismos participativos e deliberativos\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe ainda persiste uma instabilidade pol\u00edtica que \u201cdificulta o aprofundamento democr\u00e1tico\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No Brasil, a extrema-direita foi derrotada nas elei\u00e7\u00f5es de 2022 pela coliga\u00e7\u00e3o de centro-esquerda liderada por Lula da Silva, o que marcou, na avalia\u00e7\u00e3o destes especialistas, uma recupera\u00e7\u00e3o dos fundamentos democr\u00e1ticos ap\u00f3s anos de crise e polariza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apesar dos atos antidemocr\u00e1ticos de 8 de janeiro de 2023 \u2013 tentativa de golpe de Estado -, as institui\u00e7\u00f5es resistiram e o pa\u00eds registou uma ligeira recupera\u00e7\u00e3o democr\u00e1tica entre 2023 e 2024, segundo o relat\u00f3rio V-Dem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No relat\u00f3rio destaca-se Timor-Leste, um caso de durabilidade democr\u00e1tica, onde os procedimentos pr\u00e1ticos eleitorais s\u00e3o robustos e para os quais \u201cn\u00e3o ter\u00e1 sido alheia a integra\u00e7\u00e3o das autoridades tradicionais no processo pol\u00edtico\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O estudo conclui que, embora o espa\u00e7o lus\u00f3fono tenha superado as heran\u00e7as coloniais e autorit\u00e1rias, persistem fragilidades institucionais e amea\u00e7as \u00e0 liberdade pol\u00edtica, e defende a necessidade de refor\u00e7ar as institui\u00e7\u00f5es eleitorais, promover a transpar\u00eancia e reduzir as desigualdades sociais, como passos essenciais para consolidar a democracia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Comunidade dos Pa\u00edses de L\u00edngua Portuguesa (CPLP) \u00e9 composta por Angola, Brasil, Cabo Verde, Guin\u00e9-Bissau, Guin\u00e9 Equatorial, Mo\u00e7ambique, Portugal, S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe e Timor-Leste.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O Relat\u00f3rio da Democracia 2025, da responsabilidade do ISCTE, alerta para retrocessos na qualidade das democracias em alguns pa\u00edses lus\u00f3fonos, distinguindo cinco Estados com regimes democr\u00e1ticos est\u00e1veis de tr\u00eas, Angola, Guin\u00e9-Bissau e Mo\u00e7ambique, marcados por fragilidades institucionais. A segunda edi\u00e7\u00e3o do relat\u00f3rio Variedades de Democracia (V-Dem) em l\u00edngua portuguesa dedica, pela primeira vez, uma sec\u00e7\u00e3o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_vertical_sharing heateor_sss_bottom_sharing' style='width:44px;left: -10px;top: 100px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-heateor-sss-href='https:\/\/jornalfax.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5755'><div class=\"heateor_sss_sharing_ul\"><a aria-label=\"Facebook\" class=\"heateor_sss_facebook\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fjornalfax.net%2Findex.php%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F5755\" title=\"Facebook\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle\"><span class=\"heateor_sss_svg\" 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